Publications, Conference Proceedings & Grant Activities
Publications
61. Hewitt, B. A., Deranek, K., McLeod, A. J., & Gudi, A., Exercise Motives Impact on Physical Activities Measured Using Wearable Devices, Health Promotion International, 2022.
60. Young, D. K., Carpenter, D., & McLeod, A. J., Examining the Influence of Occupational Characteristics, Gender, and Work-Life Balance on IT Professionals’ Occupational Satisfaction and Occupational Commitment. Information Technology & People, 2022.
59. Fulton, L. V., Adepoju, L., Dolezel, D. M., Ekin, T., Gibbs, D. L., Hewitt, B. A., McLeod, A.J., Liaw, W., Lieneck, C., Ramamonjiarivelo, Z., Shanmugam, R., Woodard, L., Determinants of Diabetes Disease Management from 2011-2019. Healthcare, 2021.
58. Fulton, L. V., McLeod, A. J., Dolezel, D. M., Bastian, N., & Fulton, C. Deep Vision for Breast Cancer Classification and Segmentation, Cancers, 2021.
57. McLeod, A. J., & Dolezel, D. M. (2021). Security Policy Non-Compliance: Can Capitulation Theory Explain User Behaviors? Computers & Security, 2021.
56. Dolezel, D. M., McLeod, A., & Fulton, L. Examining Predictors of Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021.
55. Johnston, R., Hewitt, B. A., Moczygemba, J. A., & McLeod, A. J. Using Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore Whether Healthcare Professionals are Interested in Transitioning to Information Technology Positions. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2021.
54. Toth, E. G., Gibbs, D., Moczygemba, J., & McLeod, A. J. Decision tree modeling in R software to aid clinical decision making. Health and Technology, 2021.
53. Young, D., Carpenter, D. & McLeod, A. J. “A Conceptual Replication of the Unified Model of Information Security Policy Compliance”. Association for Information Systems Transactions in Replication Research, 2020.
52. Deranek, K., Hewitt, B. A., Gudi, A., & McLeod, A. J. “The Impact of Exercise Motives on Adolescents' Sustained Use of Wearable Technology”. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2020.
51. Hewitt, B., Walz, D., & McLeod, A. J. “The Effect of Conflict and Knowledge Sharing on the Performance of Information Technology Project Teams”. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 2020.
50. Beesley, K., Hewitt, B. A., Moczygemba, J. A., & McLeod, A. J. “Health Information Management Reimagined: Assessing Current Professional Skills and Industry Demand”. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2020.
49. Dolezel, D., & McLeod, A. J. “Big Data Skills: Bridging the Data Science Theory-Practice Gap”. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2020.
48. Boysen, S. D. D., Hewitt, B. A., Gibbs, D. L., & McLeod, A. J. “Refining the Threat Calculus of Technology Threat Avoidance Theory”. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 45, 2019.
47. Dolezel, D., & McLeod, A. J. “Managing Security Risk: Modeling the Root Causes of Data Breaches”. The Health Care Manager, 38(4), 8, 2019.
46. Dolezel, D., & McLeod, A. J. “Big Data Analytics in Healthcare: Investigating the Diffusion of Innovation”. Perspectives in Health Information Management, Summer, 2019.
45. Dolezel, D., & McLeod, A. J. "Cyber-Analytics: Identifying Discriminants of Data Breaches”. Perspectives in Health Information Management, Summer, 2019.
44. Carpenter, D., Young, D., Barrett, P., & McLeod, A., “Refining Technology Threat Avoidance Theory”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2018.
43. Adepoju, Lola, Andrew Mask, & Alexander McLeod, “Factors associated with health insurance literacy: how proficient individuals are in finding, selecting and making appropriate health insurance decisions”, Journal of Healthcare Management, 2018.
42. Carpenter, D., Young, D., McLeod, A. J., & Massberg, M., “IT Career Counseling: Are Occupational Congruence and the Job Characteristics Model Effective at Predicting IT Job Satisfaction?”, Journal of Information Systems Education, 2018.
41. Topinka, J. B., Hewitt, B. A., McLeod, A. J., & Kruse, C. S., “Healthy Students 2020: Analysis of a Self-Reported Health Assessment in a Public Four-Year University”, Texas Public Health Journal, 2018.
40. Wang, T., & McLeod, A. J., “Do investments in health information technology impact hospital financial performance?” International Journal of Accounting Information System, 2018.
39. McLeod, A. J., & Dolezel, D. M. “Cyber Analytics: Modeling Factors Associated with Healthcare Data Breaches”, Decision Support Systems, 2018.
38. Deranek, K., McLeod, A., & Schmidt, E. “ERP Simulation Effects on Knowledge and Attitudes of Experienced Users”, Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2017.
37. Adepoju, L., Mask, A., & McLeod, A. “Health Insurance Literacy as a Determinant of Population Health”, Population Health Management, 2017.
36. David Gibbs, Karima Lelani and Alexander McLeod, “The Dark Web: Raising Awareness of Risks to HIM Professionals and Patients”, Journal of the American Health Information Management Association, 2017.
35. Murphy-Abdouch, Kim, Diane Dolezel, Alexander McLeod, “Patient Access to Personal Health Information: An Analysis of the Consumer’s Perspective”, Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2017.
34. McLeod, Alexander, Caitlin Kristof, David Gibbs, Barbara Hewitt, “Evaluating Motivation for the Use of an Electronic Health Record Simulation Game”, Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2017.
33. Dolezel, Diane, Barbara Hewitt, Alexander McLeod, “Mobile Device Security: Perspectives of Future Healthcare Workers”, Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2017.
32. McLeod, Alexander, Michael Bliemel and Nancy Jones, “Examining the Adoption of Big Data and Analytics Curriculum”, Business Process Management Journal, 2017.
31. Dolezel, Diane and Alexander McLeod, “Health Information Management Novices: Predicting Registered Health Information Administrator Success”, Perspectives in Health Information Management, 2017.
30. McLeod, Alexander, Arline Savage, and Mark Simkin, “The Ethics of Predatory Journals”, Journal of Business Ethics, 2016.
29. Young, Diana, Darrell Carpenter, Alexander McLeod, “Malware Avoidance Motivations and Behaviors: A Technology Threat Avoidance Replication”, Association for Information Systems Transactions on Replication Research, 2016.
28. Carpenter, Darrell, Alexander McLeod, Michele Massberg, and Chelsea Hickey, “Privacy and biometrics: An empirical examination of employee concerns”, Information System Frontiers, 2016.
27. Gibbs, David, Caitlin Kristof, Alexander McLeod, Barbara Hewitt, “The Gamification of Electronic Health Records: A Systematic Literature Review”, Educational Perspectives in Health Informatics Information Management, 2016.
26. Week, John, Alexander McLeod, Mark G. Simkin, “Toward the User-Commitment Continuum: Establishing the Importance of Realization”, International Journal of Learning Technology, 2016.
25. Fisher, Elizabeth, Alexander McLeod, Mark Simkin, Arline Savage, “Ghostwriters in the Cloud”, Journal of Accounting Education, 2016.
24. McLeod, Alexander and Sonja Pippin, “Tax software acceptance: How do professional users differ from novices?”, International Journal of Business Information Systems, 2012.
23. McLeod, Alexander and Sonja Pippin, “Toward Multi-Dimensional Trust: Exploring Antecedents to Trust in a Complex Domain”, International Journal of Business Information Systems, 2012.
22. McLeod, Alexander, Sonja Pippin and Jeffrey A. Wong, “Revisiting the Likert Scale: Can the Fast Form Approach Improve Survey Research?, International Journal of Behavioral Accounting and Finance, 2011.
21. Hewitt, Barbara and Alexander McLeod, “Modeling Security in Acceptance of Electronic Health Record Systems”, Journal of Information Privacy and Security, 2011.
20. McLeod, Alexander and Hui Wang, “Validating Originality, Efficiency and Rule Conformity Sub-Scales in the Adaptor-Innovator in the Workplace Measure”, International Journal of Behavioral and Healthcare Research, 2011.
19. McLeod, Alexander and Jan Guynes Clark, “Who is the Real User in Healthcare Information Systems Research?”, in New Technologies for Advancing Healthcare and Clinical Practices, IGI Global, 2011.
18. Barra, Robert Ann, Alexander McLeod, Arline Savage and Mark G. Simkin, “Passwords: Do User Preferences and Website Protocols Differ from Theory?” Journal of Information Privacy and Security, 2010.
17. Week, John, Polina Ivanova, Sandra Week, Alexander McLeod, “A Firewall Data Log Analysis of Unauthorized and Suspicious Traffic”, Journal of Information Systems Security, 2011.
16. Croasdell, David, Alexander McLeod, and Mark G. Simkin, “Why Don’t More Women Major in IS?”, Information Technology & People, 2010.
15. McLeod, Alexander, Sonja Pippin and Mark G. Simkin, “Twenty Technology Myths for CPAs”, Today’s CPA, 2010.
14. Pippin, Sonja and Alexander McLeod, “What’s Important to Tax Software Users?”, CPA Journal, February, 2010.
13. Simkin, Mark G. and Alexander McLeod, “Why Do College Students Cheat?”, Journal of Business Ethics, 2010.
12. McLeod, Alexander and John Mills, “Liquid Embezzlement: Earthquake Reveals Bogus Water Rights Rip Off”, Fraud, 2010.
11. Conklin, William A. and Alexander McLeod, “Information Security Foundations for the Interoperability of Electronic Health Records”, International Journal of Healthcare Technology and Management, 2010.
10. Kuechler, William, Alexander McLeod, Mark Simkin, “Filling the Pipeline for IT Professionals: What Can IS Faculty Do?”, Journal of Information Systems Education, 2009.
9. Crews, Janna M., Alexander McLeod, and Mark G. Simkin, “The Ethics of Forced Journal Citations”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2009.
8. Conklin, William A. and Alexander McLeod, “Introducing the Information Technology Security Essential Body of Knowledge Framework”, Journal of Information Privacy and Security, 2009.
7. McLeod, Alexander and Sonja Pippin, “Individual Taxpayer Intention to Use Tax Preparation Software: Examining Expertise, Experience, Trust and Perceived Risk”, Journal of Information Science and Technology, 2009.
6. McLeod, Alexander, Jan Guynes Clark, “Using Stakeholder Analysis to Identify Users in Healthcare Information Systems Research”, The International Journal of Health Information Systems and Informatics, 2009.
5. Kuechler, William, Alexander McLeod, Mark Simkin, “Why Don’t More Students Major in IS? ”, Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 2009.
4. McLeod, Alexander, Darrell Carpenter, Jan Guynes Clark, “Measuring Success in Interorganizational Information Systems: A Case Study”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2008.
3. Wong, Jeffrey, Roger H.L. Chiang, and Alexander McLeod, “A Strategic Management Support Architecture: Integration of the Balanced Scorecard and Enterprise Resource Planning”, International Journal of Business Information Systems, 2009.
2. McLeod, Alexander, Jan Guynes Clark, John Warren, and Glenn Dietrich, “The Impact of Information Systems on End User Performance: Examining the Effects of Cognitive Style Using Learning Curves in an Electronic Medical Record Implementation”, Communications of the Association of Information Systems, 2008.
1. McLeod, Alexander, Eric Epley and Rasa Silenas, “Personal Identity Verification for Regional Emergency Workers”, International Journal of Electronic Healthcare, 2008.
McLeod, Alexander, Jan Guynes Clark, Glenn Dietrich, Dorothy Flannagan, John Warren, “An Examination of the Relationship between Cognitive Style, the Learning Curve and Information Technology “, Dissertation, December 2006.
Conference Proceedings and Presentations
36. Fulton, L. Dolezel, D. & McLeod, A.J., “Deep Vision for Breast Cancer Classification and Segmentation”, The Global Interdisciplinary Green Cities Conference, 2022.
35. McLeod, A.J. and Diane D., “Toward Security Capitulation Theory”, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Virtual Conference (Utah), 2020.
34. Deranek, K., Gudi, A.G., Hewitt, B.A., & McLeod, A.J., “Adolescents’ Exercise Motives Impact on Use Adherence of Wearable Technology, Southeast Decision Science Institute, 2019.
33. McLeod, Alexander and Diane Dolezel, “Understanding Healthcare Data Breaches: Crafting Security Profiles”, Americas Conference on Information Systems, New Orleans, LA, 2018.
32. David Gibbs, Barbara Hewitt, Alexander McLeod, Gwendolyn Morel and Adrienne Koller, “Video Feedback: Increasing Connectedness with Online Learners”, Assembly on Education American Healthcare Information Management Association, Anaheim, California, 2017.
31. Dolezel, Diane, Jackie Moczygemba and Alexander McLeod, “Predicting RHIA Success”, Assembly on Education American Healthcare Information Management Association, Anaheim, California, 2017.
30. Young, D., Carpenter, D., Massberg, M., & McLeod, A., Predicting IT Job Satisfaction: Occupational Congruence and the Job Characteristics Model, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Boston, Massachusetts, 2017.
29. McLeod, Alexander and Diane Dolezel, “Cyber Analytics: Can We Predict Hospital Security Breaches?”, Health Information Management Spring Leadership Conference, San Marcos, Texas, 2017.
28. McLeod, Alexander, “Technology Facilitation Theory: The Fitbit Study”, Alamo Association of Healthcare Information Management Association, San Antonio, Texas 2016.
27. McLeod, Alexander, Jackie Moczygemba, Caitlin Kristof, “Gamification of the Electronic Healthcare Record”, Assembly on Education American Healthcare Information Management Association, Denver, Colorado, 2016.
26. McLeod, Alexander, “The Benefits of Interorganizational Healthcare Record Systems”, Alamo Association of Healthcare Information Management Association, San Antonio, Texas 2016.
25. Utecht, Kathleen M., Kristof Schneider, Alexander McLeod and Ross Hightower, “Introduction to Human Capital Management using Success Factors”, SAP Academic Conference, Tempe, Arizona, 2015.
24. Utecht, Kathleen M., Kristof Schneider, Alexander McLeod and Ross Hightower, “Leveraging Cloud Technology to Introduce Human Capital Management (HCM) into a Human Resource Management (HRM) Curriculum”, Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management Conference, Orlando, Florida, 2014 – Best Paper Award.
23. McLeod, Alexander, “SAP University Alliances: Are Your Students Job Ready?”, Americas Conference for Information Systems, Savannah, Georgia, 2014.
22. McLeod, Alexander, “Connecting with employers: What new grads need to know?”, SAP University Alliances Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 2012.
21. McLeod, Alexander, “Are Your Students Job Ready?”, The SAP University Alliances Program, Southwest Decision Sciences Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2012.
20. Northern Kentucky Business Intelligence Summit, Business Intelligence and the SAP University Alliances program, Cincinnati, Ohio, 2012.
19. Jie Cheng, Steven Lamey, Bradley Jensen, and Alexander McLeod, “Data Analytics, Industry Speaks – Business Intelligence”, Southwest Decision Sciences Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2012.
18. Robert Jr., Lionel P., Ashley R. Davis, Alexander McLeod, “Team Situation Awareness and ERP Configuration Performance”, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Kauai, Hawaii, 2010.
17. Kuechler, William, Alexander McLeod and Mark G. Simkin, “Why Don’t More Students Major in IS?”, Decision Sciences Institute Conference, San Diego, California, November 2010 – Nominated Best Empirical Paper.
16. Alexander, Mark G. Simkin, Bret Simmons, John Week, “Toward a User Commitment Continuum”, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Lima, Peru, August 2010.
15. Barra, Roberta A., Arline Savage, Mark G. Simkin, Alexander McLeod, “An Empirical Investigation of Password Protocols”, 9th Annual Security Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2010.
14. Week, John, Polina Ivanova, Sandra Week, Alexander McLeod, “What Can Firewall Data Logs Reveal About Intruders at a Small Business Internet Service Provider”, 9th Annual Security Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2010.
13. McLeod, Alexander and Sonja Pippin, “Using Technology Acceptance Theory to Model Individual Differences in Tax Software Use”, Americas Conference on Information Systems, San Francisco, California, August 2009.
12. Conklin, Wm. Arthur and Alexander McLeod, “Examining the Information Technology Security Essential Body of Knowledge”, 8th Annual Security Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2009.
11. McLeod, Alexander and Sonja Pippin, “Security and Privacy Trust in E-Government: Understanding System and Relationship Trust Antecedents”, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-42, Waikoloa, Big Island Hawaii, January 2009.
10. McLeod, Alexander, Sonja Pippin, and Richard Mason, “Possible Determinants of Individual Taxpayers’ Intention to Use Tax Preparation Software: Some Empirical Evidence from a Pilot Study”, American Accounting Association, Anaheim, California, August 2008.
9. McLeod, Alexander, Darrell Carpenter, Jan Guynes Clark, “Using Biometric Authentication to Improve Fire Ground Accountability: An Assessment of Firefighter Privacy Concerns”, Americas Conferences on Information Systems, Toronto Canada, August 2008.
8. McLeod, Alexander, Alberto Carlos Dorantes and Glenn B. Dietrich, “Modeling Security Vulnerabilities Using Chaos Theory: Discovering Order, Structure, and Patterns from Chaotic Behavior in Complex Systems”, 7th Annual Security Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 2008.
7. McLeod, Alexander, Sonja Pippin and Richard Mason, “Individual Taxpayer Intention to Use Tax Preparation Software: Examining Expertise, Experience, Trust and Perceived Risk”, ISOneWorld, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 2008.
6. Carpenter, Darrell, Alexander McLeod and Jan Guynes Clark, “Emergency Response Systems and Biometrics: Assessing Fire Fighter Privacy Concerns”, 7th Annual Security Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 2008.
5. McLeod, Alexander, Jan Guynes Clark, “Defining the User in Healthcare Information Systems Research”, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS-40, Waikoloa, Big Island Hawaii, January 2007.
4. Salinas, Rasa, Eric Epley and Alexander McLeod, “A Uniform Identification Badge for Medical and Emergency Workers: Managing a Regional Personal Identification Verification Program”, The 6th Annual Security Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 2007.
3. Carpenter, Darrell, Alexander McLeod and Jan Guynes Clark, “The Integration of Biometric Technologies with Fire Fighting Information Systems”, National Institute of Standards and Technology – Bureau of Fire Research Laboratories Annual Fire Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, March 2007.
2. Dorantes, Carlos, Alexander McLeod, Glenn B. Dietrich, “Cyber Emergencies: What Managers Can Learn from Complex Systems and Chaos Theory”, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Acapulco, Mexico, August 2006.
1. McLeod, Alexander and V. Srinivasan Rao, “The Role of Mentoring in Information System Professional Development”, Americas Conference on Information Systems, New York, N.Y., August 2004.
Grant Activities
Funded External Grants and Contracts:
13. McLeod, Alexander (Co-Principal), Carpenter, Darrell (Co-Principal), Clark, Jan Guynes (Principal). The Integration of Biometric Technologies with Information Systems, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Bureau of Fire Research Laboratories, Private / Foundation / Corporate, $95,000.00. (Funded: 2007). Grant.
Submitted, but not Funded, External Grants and Contracts:
12. Fulton, Lawrence V (Principal), Tesic, Jelena (Co-Principal), Hewitt, Barbara A (Co-Principal), Dolezel, Diane M (Co-Principal), Gibbs, David L (Co-Principal), Ekin, Tahir (Co-Principal), Ramamonjiarivelo, Zo H (Co-Principal), McLeod, Alexander John (Co-Principal). Deep Learning for Male and Female Breast Cancer, Department of Defense, Federal, $1,000,000.00. (Submitted: March 2021, Funded: September 2021 - 2023). Grant.
11. Hewitt, Barbara A (Principal), McLeod, Alexander John (Supporting), Fulton, Lawrence V (Co-Principal), Lieneck, Cristian H (Supporting), Moczygemba, Jacqueline A (Supporting), Gibbs, David L (Supporting), Dolezel, Diane M (Other), Wang, Tiankai (Supporting), Shanmugam, Ram (Supporting). Public informatics Health Education, Analytics, Research & Technology in Texas (Public iHEARTx), Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), Federal, $10,000,000.00. (Submitted: August 11, 2021). Grant.
PHIT Application Narrative 8 10 jm ra bh-1.docx
BH justifications 8 8 21 am-1.xlsx
Copy of KC3033.DetailedBudget.Hewitt.DHHS 8 5 21-1.xlsx
10. McLeod, Alexander John, Hewitt, Barbara A, Moczygemba, Jacqueline A. Evaluating Healthcare Consumer Perception of Privacy, Trust, Threat, Susceptibility and Ethical Use of Biometric Technology, NEC Corporation, Private / Foundation / Corporate, $50,167.00. Grant.
Research Form Package FY2019 NEC Round 2-1.docx
9. Adepoju, Omolola (Principal), Percent Contribution: 100%, McLeod, Alexander (Co-Principal), Percent Contribution: 50%. Addressing Health Insurance Literacy among Central Texas Women, Austin Community Foundation, Private / Foundation / Corporate, $25,000.00. (Submitted: September 9, 2016). Sponsored Research.
8. Adepoju, Omolola, Percent Contribution: 100%, McLeod, Alexander (Supporting), Percent Contribution: 20%. Mental Health Status and Changes in Healthcare Utilization Following the Affordable Care Act, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Private / Foundation / Corporate, $50,000.00. (Submitted: May 2, 2016). Sponsored Research.
7. McLeod, Alexander (Principal), Hewitt, Barbara (Co-Principal), Gibbs, David (Co-Principal), Kristof, Caitlin (Supporting). CAP – EHRsim - Considering Gender and Ethnic Preferences in Gamification of Complex Learning Environments, National Science Foundation, Federal, $50,000.00. (Submitted: March 2016). Grant.
Funded Internal Grants and Contracts:
6. Hewitt, Barbara (Principal), McLeod, Alexander (Co-Principal). Testing Technology Facilitation Theory: An Empirical Study, Texas State University, Institutional (Higher Ed), $13,120.00. (Submitted: December 1, 2015, Funded: January 1, 2016 - May 31, 2017). Grant.
Submitted, but not Funded, Internal Grants and Contracts:
5. Ekin, Tahir (Supporting), Fulton, Lawrence V (Principal), Hewitt, Barbara A (Supporting), Dolezel, Diane M (Supporting), McLeod, Alexander John (Supporting), Musal, Rasim M (Supporting), Lieneck, Cristian H (Supporting). Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease Progression via Novel Deep Learning Strategies, Texas State University Multi-disciplinary Internal Research Grant (MIRG), Texas State University, $30,000.00. (Submitted: January 2021). Grant.
4. Hewitt, Barbara (Principal), McLeod, Alexander John (Co-Principal). Testing Technology Facilitation Theory: An Empirical Study, Texas State University, Institutional (Higher Ed), $16,000.00. (Submitted: October 25, 2017). Grant.
3. Adepoju, Omolola E (Principal), Percent Contribution: 50%, McLeod, Alexander John (Co-Principal), Percent Contribution: 50%. Addressing Health Insurance Literacy among Central Texas Women, Texas State University, $25,000.00. (Submitted: 2016). Grant.
2. Adepoju, Omolola E (Principal), Percent Contribution: 80%, McLeod, Alexander John (Supporting), Percent Contribution: 20%. Mental Health Status and Changes in Healthcare Utilization Following the Affordable Care Act, Texas State University, $50,000.00. (Submitted: 2016). Grant.
1. Adepoju, Omolola E, McLeod, Alexander John. Post Healthcare Reform: Health and Health Insurance Literacy Among College Students, Multi-disciplinary Internal Research Grant (MIRG), Texas State University, $25,000.00. (Submitted: February 2016). Sponsored Research.